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BUSINESS NEWS
Mu gihe kitarenze imyaka 20, u Rwanda rwubatse imwe mu mikorere ya mbere ikomeye mu bijyanye no kwishyura hakoreshwejwe ikoranabuhanga muri Afurika, aho mobile money ari yo nkingi ikomeye yiri hinduka mu mibereho n’ubukungu. Ibyatangiye nk’inyongera ku bikorwa by’itumanaho byahindutse urufatiro rw’imibereho ya buri munsi, bihindura uburyo Abanyarwanda binjizamo, bakoreshamo, babika ndetse banohererezanya amafaranga.
Nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo ya FinScope ya 2024, hafi 86% by’Abanyarwanda bangana na miliyoni 6.9 bigeze gukoresha mobile money byibura rimwe, mu gihe 77% by’abantu bakuru bafite konti zayo zanditswe ku buryo bwemewe muri MoMo, bavuye kuri 60% mu 2020. Iri zamuka ryihuse ryatumye serivisi z’imari zigera ku bantu benshi ku kigero cya 96%, aho mobile money ari yo yihariye igice kinini cyuwo mubare. Mu by’ukuri, mobile money yabaye igikoresho cy’ibanze mu buzima bw’Abanyarwanda benshi aho amafaranga afatika (cash) atakiri ingenzi nk’uko byahoze. Ubu wabaho mu gihugu nta cash ufite mu ntoki kandi ibikorwa byawe byose bikagenda neza.
Imbaraga z’iri hinduka zigaragarira cyane mu mikorere ya company zikomeye nka MTN Rwanda binyuze muri serivisi yayo ya Mobile Money (MoMo). Mu 2025, iyi serivisi yari ifite abarenga miliyoni 5.8 bayikoresha buri gihe ndetse n’abacuruzi barenga 578,000 bayemera, mu gihe ibikorwa by’ubwishyu bikorwa buri kwezi byageze kuri miliyoni 246.
Agaciro k’amafaranga anyuzwa muri iyi system ku mwaka kageze hafi kuri tiriyoni 21 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, bikaba birenze umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP), ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’uko mobile money yabaye inkingi y’ubukungu bw’igihugu.
Ibi ntibigarukira ku koroshya ubwishyu gusa, ahubwo byahinduye imibereho y’abaturage. Abacuruzi bato, babaga bahanganye n’imbogamizi zo gukoresha cash no kutagera kuri serivisi za banki, ubu bakorera mw’ isi y’ikoranabuhanga. Ubu na ba kanyabunyobwa bo ku mihanda bemera ubwishyu hakoreshejwe telefone, abahinzi bahabwa amafaranga ako kanya, kandi abakozi bo mu mijyi boherereza imiryango yabo amafaranga mu byaro nk’ umurabyo. Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bugaragaza ko mobile money yongereye ubushobozi bwo kwizigamira, igabanya ibiciro by’ihererekanyamafaranga, ndetse iha amahirwe yo kugera kuri serivisi z’imari ku bantu batari basanzwe bazigeraho.
Ikindi cy’ingenzi ni uko u Rwanda rwakemuye ikibazo cyari kimaze igihe mu by’ubwishyu bw’ikoranabuhanga aricyo kudahuza kwa system zitandukanye. Mbere, ibigo by’itumanaho n’amabanki byakoraga buri kimwe ukwacyo, bigatuma ihererekanyamafaranga rigorana.
Ubu, hifashishijwe gahunda z’igihugu zo guhuza system z’ubwishyu nka eKash nizindi, harimo n’imiyoborere ituma amafaranga anyuzwa mu buryo bworoshye hagati y’imiyoboro itandukanye, abantu bashobora koherezanya amafaranga nta nkomyi, kabone n’iyo bakoresha serivisi zitandukanye. Ibi byashyizeho urufatiro rw’ubukungu budashingiye ku mafaranga afatika.
Politiki za Leta zigira uruhare rukomeye muri iri terambere. Gahunda yo guteza imbere ubukungu butifashisha amafaranga afatika ndetse n’ingamba za fintech byafashije guteza imbere udushya no gushyiraho amategeko asobanutse, harimo no gusaba ibigo by’itumanaho gutandukanya ibikorwa by’imari n’iby’itumanaho. Ibi byihutishije izamuka ry’ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.
Uyu munsi, mobile money mu Rwanda si serivisi isanzwe ahubwo ni igikorwa remezo. Ishyigikira ubucuruzi, ikongera ukwishyira hamwe mu by’imari, kandi igafasha ubukungu gukura ku muvuduko wihuse. Mu gihe serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga zikomeje gutera imbere, u Rwanda rugaragaza urugero rwiza rw’uko ubufatanye bwa Leta n’abikorera, bufatanije n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, bishobora guhindura ubukungu bw’igihugu cyose.
Journalist: NDUWE SUGIRA Alain Bertin