Isoko ry' imari n’ imigabane ni isoko rigizwe n’ impapuro zishobora kuba umwenda cyangwa imigabane, aho ibigo by’ ubucuruzi na leta bishobora gukusanya igishoro cy’ igihe kirekire. Iri soko ry’ imari rigizwe n’ isoko ry’ ibanze n’ isoko rya kabiri. Mu isoko ry’ ibanze ni isoko rihuza abagurisha impapuro z’ imari ku nshuro ya mbere, mu gihe isoko rya kabiri ari isoko rigurishwaho imigabane yari yaramaze kugurwa ku nshuro ya mbere. Kimwe n' andi masoko, ibiciro ku by’ impapuro mpeshwafaranga bigenwa n’ ubushobozi n’ umubare by’ abaguzi n’ abagurisha. Muri iyi nkuru, wazoplus.com irabagezaho amakuru y’ ibanze akenewe ku mikorere y’iri soko.

Nubwo isoko ry’imari n’ imigabane mu Rwanda ryatangiye muri 2009, ibigo birishinzwe byagiyeho nyuma. Mu Rwanda hashyizweho:

• Ikigo cy’ igihugu gishinzwe isoko ry’imari (Capital Market Authority/ CMA). na
• Rwanda Stock Exchange Ltd

CMA yashyizweho n’Itegeko No 23/2017 ryo ku wa 31/05/2017 rishinzwe guteza imbere no kugenzura isoko ry’imari n’ imigabane, ndetse n’ ibijyanye naryo naho Rwanda Stock Exchange Ltd ikaba ari isosiyete yigenga yashinzwe ku ya 7 Ukwakira 2005 igamije gukora ibikorwa by’isoko ry’ imigabane. Rwanda Stock Exchange Limited yanditswe nka sosiyete ifite uburyozwe ku migabane. Rwanda Stock Exchange Ltd yatangijwe ku mugaragaro ku ya 31 Mutarama 2011.

Ku bijyanye n’impampuro mpeshamwenda, ni impapuro abashoramari batandukanye (abantu ku giti cyabo, ibigo by’imari, amashyirahamwe, ibigo byigenga…) bashobora gushoramo amafaranga baguriza Leta, mu gihe izo mpapuro zishyizwe ku isoko, bakajya bahabwa inyungu zibarwa ku mwaka, bakazasubizwa amafaranga batanze bagura izo mpapuro igihe zagenewe kirangiye.

Nkuko tubikesha urubuga rwa sosiyete yigenga ishinzwe imari n’ imigabane (Rwanda Stock Exchange Ltd/ RSE), ku isoko ry’ imari n’ imigabane harimo amasosiyeti 10 arimo: Banki ya Kigali (BK), RH Bophelo Ltd, CIMERWA PLC, I&M Bank Group Ltd, Equity Bank Group Ltd, Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB), National Media Group, Uchumi Super Market Ltd, BRALIRWA, na MTN Rwandacell. Ibi bigo byashyize imwe mu migabane yabyo ku isoko ry’ imari n’ imigabane mu rwego rwo kuzamura umutungo wabyo. Ku isoko ry’ imari n’ imigabane, umuguzi agura guhera ku migabane 100 kuzamura.

Mu gihe mu Rwanda hari RSE, isoko ry’imari n’ imigabane mu muryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba (East African Community/EAC) ryatangiriye  muri Kenya aho hashyizweho isoko ry’imari n’imigabane rya Nairobi (Nairobi Stock Exchange/NSE) mu 1954 ryahuzaga amasosiyete yo mu bihugu bitatu byakoronijwe n’abongereza aribyo Kenya, Tanzania, na Uganda. Gusa bijyanye nisenyuka rya EAC muri 1977, NSE yagumanye amasosiyete yo muri Kenya bituma mu myaka ya za 1990 havuka isoko ry’imari n’imigabane rya Uganda (Uganda Stock Exchange/USE)  n’ isoko ry’imari n’ imigabane rya Dar es Saalam (Dar Salam Stock Exchange/DSE).

Isoko ry’ imari n’ imigabane rizamura umutungo w’ amasosiyete yacuruje imigabane cyangwa impapuro mpeshwamwenda kuko ryongera igishoro cy' ayo masosiyete. Iri soko rifasha kandi abagurisha imigabane yabo baguze muri ayo masosiyete kunguka amafaranga ugereranije nayo bari bayiguzeho. Ni mu gihe kandi n’ubukungu bw’ igihugu buzamuka kuko iri soko rizamura umusaruro mbumbe w‘ igihugu.