Banki nkuru y’ u Rwanda niyo igenzura urwego rw’ imari mu gihugu (Ifoto: www.rba.co.rw)

Kimwe na 2020, umwaka wa 2021 ukomeje kurangwa no guhangana n’ ingaruka z’ icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyatumye ubukungu bw’ u Rwanda buzahara, aho umusaruro mbumbe wagabanutseho 0.6% mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2020, ukazamukaho 3.5% mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021. Iyi nkuru iragaragaza inshamake ku miterere y’ urwego rw’ imari mu Rwanda mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021 nkuko tubikesha isesengura rya TransUnion Rwanda.

U Rwanda rwihaye intego yuko Abanyarwanda hafi ya bose bazaba bakorana n’ ibigo by’ imari muri 2024.  Kugeza ubu  93% by’ abafite hejuru y’ imyaka 18 (abasaga miliyoni 7) babona serivisi z’ imari zemewe n’ amategeko cyangwa zitemewe, mu gihe 3.7% gusa y'abantu barengeje imyaka 18 (abasaga ibihumbi 500) nta buryo na bumwe bwa serivisi z’ imari bakoresha.

TransUnion Rwanda ifite inyandiko yerekana ko abasabye inguzanyo mu bigo by’ imari bagera kuri miliyoni 1.9, muri bo abagera kuri:

• 96.1% (miliyoni 1.8) ni abantu ku giti cyabo.
• Mu gihe abagera kuri 3.9% (74,280) ari amasosiyete.

Ibiro bishinzwe inguzanyo muri Banki Nkuru y’ u Rwanda, bitangaza ko inguzanyo zasabwe mu gihembwe cya mbere ari miliyoni 5.8, mu gihe konti zikoreshwa ari miliyoni 1.7 (29.6% by’ inguzanyo zasabwe). Ibi bigaragaza ko uwasabye inguzanyo afite nibura konti 2.

Amakuru yo mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021 yerekana ko:

• Umubare wa konti nshya wagabanutseho 19.72% ugereranije n' uwari watangajwe mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2020.
• Ingano y’ amafaranga yatanzwe nayo yagabanutseho 77.3% ava kuri miliyari 1023.1 z’ amafaranga y’ u Rwanda agera kuri miliyari 232.3.

Inguzanyo zitangwa zaragabanutse mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021 bitewe no gufunga ibikorwa mu gihugu cyose (lockdown) harimo no gufunga ubucuruzi budakenewe. Amabwiriza ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, asaba abatanga inguzanyo kuvugurura no koroshya igihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo mu gihe cya COVID-19, yatumye igipimo cy’ inguzanyo zitishyurwa ku gihe kigabanukaho gato, aho igihembwe cya kane cy’ umwaka ushize cyarangiye icyo gipimo ari 5.26% kiza kugabanuka kigera kuri 5.15% mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021. SACCO ni zo zifite ijanisha rinini ry’ inguzanyo zitishyurwa ku gihe rya 7.1%, amabanki agakurikiraho na 6.9% mu gihe ibigo by’ imari iciriritse bifite 2.1%.

Imibare ya konti nshya ntirasubira ku rwego yahozeho mbere ya COVID-19 kuko guhera mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2020 kugeza mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021 yagiye igabanuka:

• Mu mabanki konti nshya zavuye ku 173181 zigera kuri konti 76954 (igabanuka rya 55.6%),
• Mu bigo by’ imari iciriritse konti nshya zavuye ku 21654 zigera kuri konti 14017 (igabanuka rya 35.3%),
• Muri koperative zo kuzigama no kuguriza (SACCO) konti nshya zavuye ku 22354 zigera kuri konti 19178 (igabanuka rya 14.2%).

Mu kiganiro wazoplus yagiranye n’ Impuguke akaba n' Umusesenguzi mu bukungu Bwana Teddy Kaberuka, yemeranyije na raporo ya TransUnion Rwanda ku byerekana ihungabana ry’ ubukungu mu rwego rw’ imari: “Ihungabana ry’ urwego rw’ imari ryatewe n’ ihungabana ry’ izindi nzego z’ ubukungu zirimo ubucuruzi, ubukerarugendo ndetse n’ izindi serivisi muri rusange. Guverinoma y’ u Rwanda ikwiye kunganira urwego rw’ imari ikarutera inkunga kugirango rubone amafaranga yo guha abaturage mu rwego rwo kuzahura ubukungu”.

Ku kijyanye na gahunda Leta y' u Rwanda yihaye y' uko muri 2024 hafi Abanyarwanda bose bazaba bakorana n' ibigo by' imari, Impuguke akaba n' Umusesenguzi yavuze ko hakiri kare, gusa yongeraho ko icyorezo kiramutse kigejeje muri 2022 na 2023 iyi gahunda itagerwaho.

Teddy Kaberuka asoza agira inama Leta, yo kuba yafatanya n' abafite mu nshingano gukora politike y' imari  n' iy' ubukungu aribo Banki nkuru y' u Rwanda BNR na Minisiteri y' imari n' igenamigambi, bakareba uburyo hajyaho politike yihariye igamije kuzanzamura ibigo by' imari, hakarebwa uburyo byahabwa amafaranga yo guha abakiriya babyo, bityo bigafasha mu kuzahura ubukungu muri rusange.

Mu guhangana n’ ingaruka za COVID-19, abatanga inguzanyo bagirwa inama yo kuzahura urwego rw’ ishoramari ryabo bakanazirikana ko inguzanyo batanga zizamura ubukungu bw’ igihugu. Ikindi basabwa ni ukwibanda ku bakiliya babo bakamenya ibyo bakeneye kugira ngo bahaze isoko ndetse  bakanagenzura imikoreshereze y’ inguzanyo batanga mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ ibibazo byaterwa n’ igihombo cyavuye mu bakiliya.

Abatanga inguzanyo barasabwa gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bw’ imikorere mu gutanga serivise hifashishijwe ikorabuhanga, kandi dosiye y’ umukiliya ikagenzurwa hagamijwe gukumira uburiganya no gushaka ibisubizo bifasha guhangana n’ ibibazo biterwa no gukoresha nabi inguzanyo.

Urwego rw’ imari byitezwe ko ruzakomeza guhura n’ ibibazo twavuze haruguru bitewe nuko Guverinoma y’ u Rwanda ikunze gufata ibyemezo byo gufunga ingendo, kugabanya amasaha y’ akazi no gufunga ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe, ikintu kibera imbogamizi abafashe inguzanyo ndetse n’ ibigo byabagurije.